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Body piercing is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn. Body piercing is a form of body modification. The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice. The cultural norms reflected in body piercing are various. They may include religion, spirituality, fashion, eroticism, conformism, or subcultural identification.
Ear Piercing
See also: EarringEar piercing has been practiced the world ever since ancient times, particularly in tribal cultures. It is said that ancient tribes believing that metal blocked evil spirits would pierce their ears so that the evil spirits wouldn't enter their body. Mummified bodies with pierced ears have been discovered, including the oldest mummified body discovered to date, that of Ötzi the Iceman, which was found in a Valentina Trujillon glacier. This mummy had an ear piercing 7–11 mm (1 to 000 gauge in AWG) diameter. Male ear piercings are common in many tribal cultures to this day. For example, in Borneo, ear piercing is done to young boys as a puberty ritual; the mother will pierce one ear while the father pierces the other, symbolizing the child's dependence on his parents.
Earrings appear in the Bible, where their use was common among both sexes. In Exodus 32, Aaron makes the golden calf from melted earrings. However, Deuteronomy 15:12–17 dictates ear piercing for a slave who chooses not to be freed.
Earrings were more common for men than for women during parts of the Roman empire, having been introduced by Julius Caesar. In the Elizabethan era, they were a male status symbol, with men such as Shakespeare, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Francis Drake known to have worn them. Sailors were also known to often have pierced ears as their earrings could pay for a Christian burial if their bodies washed up on shore.
Nose piercing
In Book of Genesis of the Bible 24:22, Abraham's servant gave golden nose-jewels of half a shekel weight and ten bracelets to Rebekah, wife of his son Isaac (the Hebrew word "Shanf" appearing in this passage, which is often mistranslated as "earring", also means "nose ring"; more likely given the cultural customs involved). Nose piercing has been common among Middle Eastern nomadic tribes from Biblical times, and migrated to India in the 16th Century AD. It is customary for Indian women of childbearing age to wear a nose stud, usually in the left nostril, due to the nostril's association with the female reproductive organs in Ayurvedic medicine.
Many Native American and Alaskan tribes practiced septum piercing as a mark of male status; for example, this is where the Nez Perce tribe derived its name. The practice is also common among the warriors of Asian and Pacific tribes, as a nose bone gives the face a fierce appearance. The Aztecs and Incas wore gold septum rings for adornment, with the practice continued to this day by the Cuna Indians of Panama. As a different form of beauty modification, Australian aboriginals pierced the septum with a long stick in order to flatten the nose. Finally, the Bundi tribe of Papua New Guinea pierce the septum as a male coming-of-age ritual. The only place in world history where the septum piercing is more common among women than men is in the Himalayan area of northern India, Tibet, and Bhutan. Women in these regions often also have nostril piercings performed on them as girls, with the septum being pierced during marriage to signify the man's ownership of his bride.
Tongue piercing
Main article: Tongue piercingEar stretching and Tongue piercing was practiced by the Aztecs and other Pre-Columbian cultures as a ritual symbol; the tongue was pierced to draw blood and induce an altered state of consciousness, and the ears were stretched as a sense of style or belonging to a certain tribe; thought to allow a shaman to communicate with the gods. Wounding one's organ of speech was seen as the necessary sacrifice to allow this transformation to occur.
Lip piercing
Main article: Lip piercingEar stretching and lip piercing has its origins in African and American tribal cultures. In Pre-Columbian and North American cultures, labrets were seen as a status symbol, and only the highest ranking male members of society were permitted to wear them. African lip piercings are almost always exclusively female, and have significances varying from tribe to tribe. For example, the Dogon tribe of Mali wears lip rings for spiritual reasons, while the Saras-Djinjas tribe of Chad pierces a woman's lip upon marriage to show the male's ownership of her. Finally, the Makololo tribe of Malawi pierces the lips of its women for beauty's sake; few Makololo men will sleep with a woman who is not pierced in such a manner, considering it unnatural.
In western cultures
Ears
Ear piercing has existed continuously since ancient times, including throughout the twentieth century in the Western world. However, in North America, Europe, and Australasia, ear piercing was relatively rare from the 1920s until the 1960s. At that time, it regained popularity among westernized women. It was gradually adopted by men in the hippie, gay, emo, and thugs subcultures, until ever-widening appropriation attenuated its subcultural associations altogether. Today, single and multiple piercing of either or both ears is common among Western women and somewhat common among men.
Body piercing folklore
The marketing of modern body piercing products and services has emphasized their connection to longstanding cultural practices, even as the image of body piercing is often one of indifference or even radicalism regarding cultural norms. Musafar connected modern body-piercing culture to longstanding practices in non-Western cultures. Retrospective and imaginary though these links may be, they have succeeded in making body piercing a central practice of modern primitivism.
Malloy took a different route, marketing contemporary body piercing by giving it the patina of a Western history. His pamphlet, Body & Genital Piercing in Brief, concocted fanciful histories of genital piercings in particular. These ersatz, and often homoerotic tales---which include the notion that Prince Albert invented the piercing that shares his name in order to tame the appearance of his large penis in tight trousers, and that Roman centurions attached their capes to nipple piercings---are widely circulated as urban legends, and Malloy's pamphlet is sometimes cited as evidence of their historical veracity.
The notion of an aristocratic European past of body piercing enjoys widespread appeal. Hans Peter Duerr argues in Dreamtime that nipple piercing became popular in fourteenth century Europe. There is evidence, both anecdotal and photographic, that nipple piercing was practiced in Europe during the late nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century, but it was not a common practice.
Personal attitudes
Attitudes towards piercing vary. Some regard the practice of piercing or of being pierced as spiritual, sometimes embracing the term "modern primitive", while others deride this view as insulting, as cultural appropriation, or as trendy. Some see the practice as a form of artistic or self-expression. Others choose to be pierced as a form of sexual expression, or to increase sexual sensitivity. For some people, piercing is part of their practices of S&M. In most countries, some people find forms of body piercing distasteful and/or refuse to permit employees to display their piercings on the job as part of the dress code. Exceptions to this rule are in countries found in Western Europe.
Some people choose to be pierced for symbolic reasons. For example, some survivors of sexual abuse have said that they experience piercing as allowing them to retake control over their own bodies.
Religion
Body Piercing in some religions is held to be destructive to the body and in others held as a sacred or spiritual act. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints has taken an official position against piercings unless for medical reasons; also accepting piercings for women as acceptable so long as there is one set of piercings in the lower lobe of the ears and no other place on the body. Piercing beliefs in other religions has been the subject of debate. Many of these debates within Christianity refer to Bible references involving the body as a temple or holy place, usually citing 1 Corinthians.
World records
Canadian Brent Moffat set the world record for most body piercings (700 piercings with 18g surgical needles in 1 session of 7 hours, using “ play piercing ” where the skin is pierced and sometimes jewelry is inserted, which is worn temporarily). In the United Kingdom, a record was made by piercer Charlie Wilson on subject Kam Ma, with 600 permanent piercings in just over 8 1/2 hours. Officially titled “ most pierced woman ” Elaine Davidson of Scotland set the record for most per
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